Women Gender Roles in Society Essay - 795 Words

Women Gender Roles In Society Essay Gender roles have had a dominant place in society throughout the century, different families emphasizing different roles. Society places certain expectations on men and women; allocating specific responsibilities to each gender. In Alice Munroe’s and James Joyces short stories, the inexplicit social roles for women exist throughout society during these eras. In Alice Munroe’s â€Å"Boys and Girls† the narrator’s mother is viewed as a stereotypical traditional housewife as opposed to James Joyce’s Mrs. Mooney in â€Å"The Boarding House†. Mrs. Mooney is seen as more of a modern mother. This essay contrasts the modern and traditional woman by explaining the stereotypes associated with each, as is evident in†¦show more content†¦Mooney is more stern and bitter. As is evident in the text, the modern mothers in comparison to the traditional mothers is seen as stronger, more powerful, and dominant type of a woman. For instance, this is demonstrated in the text when it says she was a â€Å"determined woman† (p.405), then it later goes on to say she â€Å"Governed the house cunningly and firmly† (p.405). In â€Å"Boys and Girls† the narrator’s mother is described as someone who fulfills the duties of a homemaker. This is demonstrated to the reader when she would talk about how she would do her hair and what type of dress she had to wear to look pretty. Control is something that we all strive for in life, whether it is control over others, or simply control over ourselves. In â€Å"Boys and Girls† the narrator’s wife is without any control of her or anyone else. Demands such as taking care of the children and food preparation were placed in her hand while her husband was engaged in activities that were more important for the family’s outcome of their future. This is revealed by: â€Å"It was an odd thing to see my mother down at th e barn. She did not often come out of the house unless it was to do something – hang out the wash or dig potatoes in the garden† (p.494).This implies that the mother does not have freedom in her life because she is only ever seen outside if she is working. Mrs. Mooney is viewed as in a higher position of control because she is usually the oneShow MoreRelatedWhy Boys Don t Play With Dolls And The Gender Blur : Where Does Biology End And Society Take1330 Words   |  6 Pagesdifference between sex and gender roles. Sex is the biological characteristics in a person. Gender roles are the expectations of how a person should dress and act based on their sex. The majority of individuals accommodate to those roles early on, because of the influences their parents have on them. Such ideas of gender roles are exhibited at length in the two short essays, â€Å"Why boys don t play with dolls† by Katha Pollitt and â€Å"The Gender Blur: Where Does Biology End and Society t ake over?† by DeborahRead MoreEssay about Gender Roles in Society1016 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in Society Suggested roles of all types set the stage for how human beings perceive their life should be. Gender roles are one of the most dangerous roles that society faces today. With all of the controversy applied to male vs. female dominance in households, and in the workplace, there seems to be an argument either way. In the essay, â€Å"Men as Success Objects†, the author Warren Farrell explains this threat of society as a whole. Farrell explains the difference of men and womenRead MoreBecoming Members Of Society : Learning The Social Meanings Of Gender Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesMen and women are treated differently from each other. Society has developed stereotypes and archetypes for the two different genders. Men are portrayed to be strong, independent individuals that are the providers of the household. Women are often seen as weak subordinates that take care of the children and residences of men. The way society has characterized genders and their roles are as separate an d unequal. Aaron H. Devor wrote in his essay â€Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social MeaningsRead MoreThe Picture On The Right1457 Words   |  6 Pagesbut they are from a 30 years difference. Both of these pictures do advertise a beautiful women in their Calvin Klein clothing, but the ads say something completely different. If you look at the first picture on the left, and compare it to the second picture on the right you will see the difference immediately. The picture on the left is from 30 years ago and women were not viewed as strong of members of society that they are today, like the viewed star Kendall Jenner in the picture on the right. IfRead MoreA Vindication Of The Rights Of Woman941 Words   |  4 Pagesangry, resentful, spiteful women with an agenda to bring down the opposite sex might come to mind when discussing the topic. However, this image is an inaccurate display of what feminism truly is. The true meaning of feminism is a movement towards equali ty between women and men; there is no tearing down of the opposite sex, there is no goal for women to be seen as greater than men, there is no hidden agenda — the goal is simply equality. In Mary Wollstonecraft’s essay â€Å"A Vindication of the RightsRead MoreThe Female Role in William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Katherine Mansfields â€Å"Miss Brill,† and Kate Chopins â€Å"The Storm.†1329 Words   |  5 Pages† the female protagonists are examples of how society has oppressive expectations of them simply because of their gender. Curry believes that Faulkner displays the story of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† through scenes of gender differences. The beginning of the story shows the motivational split between men and women. At Emilys funeral, men attend to show respect, but the women simply want to view the inside of her home. Although Faulkner has left the gender of the narrator a mystery, many postmodern criticsRead More Judith Lorbers The Social Construction of Gender Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagescontemporary conceptions of gender in her essay, ?The Social Construction of Gender.? Not only does she clearly express her opinions on the roles of physiological differences of the male and female bodies, but she also elaborates on the roles of the mass media and professional sports among other things. It rapidly becomes clear that there are many legitimate arguments that support this movement for near or complete equality in genders and the roles that they perform. Clearly, society has been createdRead MoreHow Gender Operates Within The Setting Of An Olivia Vacation1481 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1 – Minor Essay OPOL216 – Sex and Gender Matters Allysen Stewart 32579398 â€Æ' Assignment 1 – Minor Essay OPOL216 – Sex and Gender Matters This essay will critically discuss how gender operates within the setting of an Olivia Vacation (https://www.olivia.com), drawing from personal experiences from a recent trip to a Hawaiian Resort. The paper will focus on personal observations of the underlying forces involved in the reproduction and disruption of gender relations, andRead MoreRoles of Men and Women1639 Words   |  7 PagesChanging roles of men and women adapting to changes in work and family life in Australia. Roles of men and women have changed in todays context, unlike the past, it was caused by cultural and sociological changes around the communities. Roles can be defined as the characteristic and expected social behavior of an individual. The aim of this essay is to investigate the changes in responsibility of men and women, adapting to changes in work and family life in Australia. This essay will focus on threeRead MoreHow Does Language Affect Gender Inequality?1572 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals within society. The development of language as a reflection of the structure and hierarchy of society is believed to give purpose and place members within the community. Over time, what has been understood to be experienced is the way in which it may be construed to posit one gender over another. One example is the way in which language can be used to position females in a lesser or subordinate role. This essay will argue that language continues to be used to create gender inequality. Doing

Right to Education Act 2009 Free Essays

Right to Education Act 2009: Major Issues and Challenges By:sudarshana Rana India remained a major center for education of the world in the ancient and medieval period, during the British Raj. India’s traditional system of knowledge system was by and large destroyed and no other alternate system was created to fill this vacuum. Presently India has emerged as a leading nation in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Right to Education Act 2009 or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other side there are continuous challenges to India. According to UNESCO data ‘largest number of illiterate people of the world are in India’. In the post- independence era, numbers of steps were initiated in this direction. The preamble of Indian constitution emphasized the need for equal opportunities for the entire population of the country irrespective of caste, creed or religion. The Constitution of India in A- 21 (A), 24 and 39 of the directive principles of state policy pledges its commitment towards the cause for upliftment of children. According to A-21(a) the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of age of 6 to 14 years as stated by law. The Background of the Right to education In the early 1990’s India initiated major economic reforms and intensified the process of globalization. India’s political and social life was also pressing through a phase which posed the danger of long accepted value. To enable the people to benefit in the new environment would require new designs of human resource development. For this purpose there was no other alternative except for educating the entire nation. The national policy of Education (NPE) was adopted by parliament in may 1986. The new policy lays special emphasis on the removal of disparities and to equalize educational opportunity by attending to those who have been denied equality so far . The National education system plays a positive interventionist role in the empowerment of women. The most important initiative in this direction was the sarv – shiksh abhiyan by which education had to reach each and every Indian . These all initiative failed to deliver the desired results . It is being realized that right based development of children must be the center of planning. The UPA government gave a top priority to universalization of education . In the common minimum- programme in 2004 , it pledged to rise public spending in education to at least 6% of the GDP with at least half this amount being spent on primary and secondary education. A national cooked nutritious mid- day meal scheme funded mainly by the central government , was introduced in primary and secondary schools. Government also universalized the integrated child development services (ICDS) scheme to provide a functional anganwadi in every settlement and ensured full coverage for all children. State level variations in literacy : The states like Kerala have done a wonderful work in this direction and such experience can be valuable guide map for the states where the literacy level is quite low. If the existing rate of literacy is allowed to continue then it will be quite difficult to achieve the target of â€Å"universalization of education even by 2015, a deadline which has been set up by UNESCO â€Å". Major challenges and issues 1. Finance has been a major problem in front of the government. What- ever the finances provided by the central government for education is not properly utilized by the various state governments. It has been found that funds for this purpose are systematically diverse by various state governments. 2. Excessive infiltration and migration from the neighboring countries pose a serious problem . The total number of migratory population in India is more than 50 million which is more than the total population of the countries , therefore such migrated population makes quite difficult the implementation of right to education act throughout the country. 3. Excessive poverty: The majority of population is living under extreme poverty conditions and hence, people do not prefer schools and go in search of jobs or self- employment professions. Therefore without removing poverty, the act cannot be implemented in the full spirit. 4. Lack of involvement of panchayati raj institutions and other social organizations ; it is important that various institutions and grass root level organization must be involved since these institution are directly linked with the common masses and success of the literacy programme is possible only through their involvement. In nutshell, it can be concluded that the Right to Education Act is a major revolutionary step in the history of post independent era. Private sector has also come to play role in the education –the need of the hour is to have strong public private partnership for the implementation of this act. Moreover, there is a strong need for regular monitoring of this act on a regular basis so that failures can be checked timely. How to cite Right to Education Act 2009, Essay examples

Fair is foul and Foul is Fair Essay Example For Students

Fair is foul and Foul is Fair Essay In the tragedy, Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the paradoxical theme of â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair† functions throughout the play. The line is a prophecy which one thing seems like another. It implies especially to the characters that they are not as they seem to be. The Three Witches are the ones who introduce the paradox that runs throughout the play. The theme affects these characters because although they speak of the future, they do not seem to affect the course of it. They are the agents of fate because they only speak of the truth of what will happen. Macbeth refers to the Witches as the Weird Sisters. In fact the word Weird comes from an old English word wyrd, which means fate. In Macbeths case, the prophecies serve only to suggest the future, not to affect it. They do not predict that he will commit murder to become king but only that he will become king.For example, they all hail Macbeth as king by saying, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!† Even if the witches were extant, Macbeth would have somehow become king because of fate. With the Witches, Banquo has just the opposite case because he did not actively act upon their prediction that he will be the father of kings. Despite his inaction, the prophecy became s true. The Witches themselves are corporally a paradox because of their ambiguous and confusing appearance. Banquo describes the Witches’ appearance to Macbeth by saying, â€Å"So withered, and so wild in their attire, That look not like th’ inhabitants o’ th’ earth And yet are on ‘t? You should be women, And yet your beards forbid me to interpret That you are so.† Macbeth also remarks that they â€Å"seem’d corporal† and yet they vanish like â€Å"bubbles into the air.†The paradoxical theme affects Macbeth’s by turning his life upside down. Macbeth is not the person he is as he seems. He is introduced as a warrior hero, whose fame in the battlefield wins him the honor from King Duncan. However, his ambitions are made clear when he reveals his inner emotions and thoughts. One example is when Macbeth says, â€Å"I am settle and bend up Each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show. False face must hide what the false heart doth know.† Macbeth knows that the act of killing Duncan is morally wrong and even agonizes over the idea of killing someone who loves him as much as Duncan does, yet decides that he will do it anyway. Macbeth does not like the fact that Duncan intends to pass the crown to his son Malcolm. The blindness of the Duncan shows when he says, â€Å"To find the mind’s construction in the face. He was a gentleman on whom I built An absolute trust,† he greets Macbeth as his â€Å"worthiest cousin.† The effect the paradox has on Macbeth is ultimately his death. When the Witches prophesize that no man born from a woman’s womb can defeat him, he feels invincible. However, Macbeth does not realize that Macduff was born unnaturally. Paradoxically, the more power as king Macbeth had, the more villainous be became. Lady Macbeth is affected from the theme as well as Macbeth is. She thought that becoming Queen would make her happier but she later feels that life is not worth living. She says, â€Å"Naught’s had, all’s spent, Where our desire is got without content. ‘Tis safer to be that which we destroy Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy.† After murdering Duncan and becoming Queen, she wants to have her old life back or die than to be where she is. Because of her burning ambition to be Queen, her life is ruined. Lady Macbeth constantly taunts her husband for his lack of courage and that he is â€Å"too full o’ th’ milk.† But in public, she is able to act nicely as a skilled and superior person. She later is unable to bear the events and has become a victim of nightmares and hallucinations. The guilt that she has that she becomes insane. When Lady Macbeth expected to have a fair life after killing Duncan, her foul soul went to hell. .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c , .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c .postImageUrl , .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c , .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c:hover , .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c:visited , .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c:active { border:0!important; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c:active , .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb7aa4c871333fce8e3286adb292d93c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The appian way EssayMacbeth and Lady Macbeth have both been affected by the paradoxical theme brought by the Witches. The theme of things not being as they seem to be are true has applied to both of these characters. The Witches are only able to tell the future and not change it, Macbeth acted upon it, and Lady Macbeth became insane from her ambitions of being fair. Bibliography:

Petite Mont Review free essay sample

Mort is a piece choreographed by Sir Julian for the Underlined Dana Theatre. It is part of a group of six pieces, called the Black and White ballets, all choreographed by Julian. Petite Mort was filmed for the first time in 1 996 and is still being performed in theatres all over the world today. The lasted being in America by the American Dance theatre under the guidance of Alvin Alley. The piece starts of with male dancers playing around with fencing gear, as the women remain silent standing in the shadows upstage.The piece then continues with women gliding onto stage with sculpture like black gowns that they push around themselves while dancing around and with them. After the women disappear into the shadows again, three couples come on one after the other. Sir Skylarks choreography Is challenging In Its nature and clearly so to the audience as it sometimes even coaxes out giggles and gasps. We will write a custom essay sample on Petite Mont Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is a highly physical match of ballet and modern dance. Like all of the pieces in the Black an White ballets, Petite Mort has definite and clear sexual themes that explore themselves in the confines of the movements. Petite Mort, the title, translates Into Orgasm and with Clans clear understanding of the term It evolves Itself Into clear and amazing Images. The men with their fencing movement signifies and emotes the masculinity of men in the relationship, while the women with their gowns signifies the power they have through their appearances. The gowns give the illusion of being attached to the women, but then we are shown they are not. This gives the women further power as they can control their appearances.These two routines are, or can be, symbolic for the sexual roles of each gender the men are protectors and lead with their tools, while women are supporters not without their own armor. The piece then continues and evolves into being more about the physical action of sexual intercourse itself. In the partners we are taken through a number of deferent images and meanings through the variety of movement they do. At times we see the man dominating the movements of the woman. We see this mostly in the lifts and guiding hand gestures of the men.As I watch It, I am reminded of a puppet/puppeteer relationship. We also see the relationship between man and woman In the act of sex. The women engages with the men through a series of twitching, pulsing and even contorting movements as the men follow it like a dog after a bone. The use of music and lighting is very contributory. The stage is bathed in golden light with shadows strategically placed around the edges. The use of back lighting Is also be reflective of the behind-doors reputation of sex. The music used is that of Knolling Amadeus Mozart.The choreography gives the illusion that it is a physical representation of the music itself and it even opens the music, its unique rhythms and the sexual, romantic undertones of the music, up to the listener. The use of the classical genre is also effectively contradicting to the contemporary style of movement. Ere piece is very refreshing and amazed me while broadening my scope of ballet Interpretations. I feel that Julian meritoriously did the controversial theme of sex justice while also contributing to a revolutionary new style of fusion dancing.

The Triple alliance and The Triple Entrente

The Triple alliance and The Triple Entrente The Triple EntenteThe Triple Entente was an alliance formed in 1907 by France, Britain and Russia before the 1st world war. It was started by the French because they felt threatened by Germany and the triple alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy)Britain joined because they were worried about the German Navy. Finally Russia joined because they were worried about attacks from Germany and Austria-Hungary who both had growing armies. Russia also promised Serbia help if they were attacked.The Triple allianceThe Triple Alliance was formed in 1879. At first it just included Germany and Austria-Hungary because they would support each other if they were attacked by either Russia or France. Later in 1882 Italy was included to form The Triple Alliance.[Insert tables from wikipedia here]As you can see the Triple Entente have the advantage of a large navy and should be able to control the waters, they can win sea battles and transport troops across the sea.IWM caption : "Trench Layout and Conditions: A fat...

Lieutenant General James Gavin in World War II

Lieutenant General James Gavin in World War II James Maurice Gavin was born March 22, 1907, in Brooklyn, NY as James Nally Ryan. The son of Katherine and Thomas Ryan, he was placed in the Convent of Mercy orphanage at age two. After a brief stay, he was adopted by Martin and Mary Gavin from Mount Carmel, PA. A coal miner, Martin barely earned enough to make ends meet and James went to work at age twelve to help the family. Wishing to avoid a life as a miner, Gavin ran away to New York in March 1924. Contacting the Gavins to inform them that he was safe, he began looking for work in the city. Enlisted Career Late that month, Gavin met with a recruiter from the US Army. Underage, Gavin was unable to enlist without parental consent. Knowing this would not be forthcoming, he told the recruiter he was an orphan. Formally entering the army on April 1, 1924, Gavin was assigned to Panama where he would receive his basic training in his unit. Posted to the US Coastal Artillery at Fort Sherman, Gavin was an avid reader and an exemplary soldier. Encouraged by his first sergeant to attend a military school in Belize, Gavin received outstanding grades and was selected to test for West Point. Rising in the Ranks Entering West Point in the fall of 1925, Gavin found that he lacked the basic education of most of his peers. To compensate, he rose early each morning and studied to make up the deficiency. Graduating in 1929, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant and posted to Camp Harry J. Jones in Arizona. Proving to be a gifted officer, Gavin was selected to attend the Infantry School at Fort Benning, GA. There he trained under the guidance of Colonels George C. Marshall and Joseph Stillwell. Key among the lessons he learned there was not to give long written orders but rather to provide subordinates with guidelines to execute as the situation warranted. Working to develop his personal style of command, Gavin was happy in the schools educational environment. Graduating, he wished to avoid a training assignment and was sent to the 28th 29th Infantry at Fort Sill, OK in 1933. Continuing his studies on his own, he was particularly interested in the work of British World War I veteran Major General J.F.C. Fuller.   Three years later, in 1936, Gavin was sent to the Philippines. During his tour in the islands, he became increasingly concerned about the US Armys ability to withstand Japanese aggression in the region and commented on his mens poor equipment. Returning in 1938, he was promoted to captain and moved through several peacetime assignments before being posted to teach at West Point. In this role, he studied the early campaigns of World War II, most notably the German Blitzkrieg. He also became increasingly interested in airborne operations, believing them to be the wave of the future. Acting on this, he volunteered for the Airborne in May 1941. A New Style of War Graduating from the Airborne School in August 1941, Gavin was sent to an experimental unit before being given command of C Company, 503rd Parachute Infantry Battalion. In this role, Gavins friends convinced Major General William C. Lee, commander of the school, to allow the young officer to develop the tactics of airborne warfare. Lee agreed and made Gavin his Operations and Training Officer. This was accompanied by a promotion to major that October. Studying other nations airborne operations and adding his own thoughts, Gavin soon produced FM 31-30: Tactics and Technique of Air-Borne Troops. World War II Following the attack on Pearl Harbor and US entry into the conflict, Gavin was sent through the condensed course at the Command and General Staff College. Returning to the Provisional Airborne Group, he was soon dispatched to aid in converting the 82nd Infantry Division into the US Armys first airborne force. In August 1942, he was given command of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment and promoted to colonel. A hands-on officer, Gavin personally oversaw the training of his men and endured the same hardships. Selected to take part in the invasion of Sicily, the 82nd shipped out for North Africa in April 1943. Dropping with his men on the night of July 9/10, Gavin found himself 30 miles from his drop zone due to high winds and pilot error. Gathering up elements of his command, he went without sleep for 60 hours and made a successful stand on Biazza Ridge against German forces. For his action, the 82nds commander, ​​Major General Matthew Ridgway, recommended him for the Distinguished Service Cross. With the island secured, Gavins regiment aided in holding the Allied perimeter at Salerno that September. Always willing to fight beside his men, Gavin became known as the Jumping General and for his trademark M1 Garand. The following month, Gavin was promoted to brigadier general and made assistant division commander. In this role, he aided in planning the airborne component of Operation Overlord. Again jumping with his men, he landed in France on June 6, 1944, near St. Mà ©re Église. Over the next 33 days, he saw action as the division fought for the bridges over the Merderet River. In the wake of the D-Day operations, the Allied airborne divisions were reorganized into the First Allied Airborne Army. In this new organization, Ridgway was given command of the XVIII Airborne Corps, while Gavin was promoted to command the 82nd. That September, Gavins division took part in Operation Market-Garden. Landing near Nijmegen, Netherlands, they seized bridges in that town and Grave. In the course of the fighting, he oversaw an amphibious assault to secure the Nijmegen bridge. Promoted to major general, Gavin became the youngest man to hold that rank and command a division during the war. That December, Gavin was in temporary command of the XVIII Airborne Corps during the opening days of the Battle of the Bulge. Rushing the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions to the front, he deployed the former in the Staveloet-St. Vith salient and the latter at Bastogne. Upon Ridgways return from England, Gavin returned to the 82nd and led the division through the wars final months. Later Career An opponent of segregation in the US Army, Gavin oversaw the integration of the all-black 555th Parachute Infantry Battalion into the 82nd after the war. He remained with the division until March 1948. Moving through several high-level postings, he served as assistant chief of staff for operations and Chief of Research and Development with the rank of lieutenant general. In these positions, he contributed to the discussions which led to the Pentomic Division as well as advocated for a strong military force that was adapted to mobile warfare. This cavalry concept ultimately led to the Howze Board and influenced the US Armys development of helicopter-borne forces. While comfortable on the battlefield, Gavin disliked the politics of Washington and was critical of his former commander- now president- Dwight D. Eisenhower, who wished to scale back conventional forces in favor of nuclear weapons. He likewise butted heads with the Joint Chiefs of Staff regarding their role in directing operations. Though approved for promotion to General with the assignment to command the Seventh Army in Europe, Gavin retired in 1958 stating, I wont compromise my principles, and I wont go along with the Pentagon system. Taking a position with the consulting firm Arthur D. Little, Inc., Gavin remained in the private sector until serving as President John F. Kennedys ambassador to France from 1961-1962. Sent to Vietnam in 1967, he returned believing the war to be a mistake that distracted the US from the Cold War with the Soviet Union. Retiring in 1977, Gavin died on February 23, 1990, and was buried at West Point. Selected Sources PA History: James Gavin New York Times: James Gavin Obituary World War II Database: James Gavin

Any topic (writer's choice) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 180

Any topic (writer's choice) - Essay Example To be more precise, this paper will make an attempt to detect the role of meditation in such philosophies of thought as Yoga and Daoist philosophy as well as Zen Buddhism. I shall argue that despite that all of these the common characteristics and purposes typical of these three quite different philosophical practices, there is a number of distinctive features that define the general purpose of meditation in each of the philosophic trends. Speaking about an Ancient Indian view on meditation, one should point out that Yoga itself implied a certain state or condition, as well as a technique, and a particular kind of union. Patanjali considered Yoga to be â€Å"the cessation of the modifications of the mind† (â€Å"The Meaning and Purpose of Yoga†, n.d.). From the point of view of an Ancient Indian, the search for truth was in fact the fundamental problem of philosophy. The truth itself was not of great value, but the knowledge of it help an individual to be released. Thus, it appears that the release, attainment of absolute freedom was a chief aim of the spiritual practices, but not the knowledge of the truth. To become free meant to advance to the next level of being, gain another modus of existence that would surpass the â€Å"normal† life and set it on a new more advanced plane. Indeed, Yoga was regarded as a way analyzing the concepts of perception and cognition, lying at the root implying suffering. Besides, it was perceived as a rising and expansion of one’s consciousness.

How technology changed society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How technology changed society - Essay Example This has also lead to the growth and development of trade as entrepreneurs can advertise their goods and services through the social media. As a result, this has improved the economic status of most societies, as well as countries. Technological advancements have resulted in various modernization effects into the lives of the people. This has in return increased the co relationship among the different ethnic groups in the country thus promoting peace and unity among citizens. Through plurality, different ethnic groups have been able clearly facilitate the social economic life of their livelihood. Through technology such as television, different ethnic groups have been able to learn each other’s cultural values and adapt them in their social lives resulting in a diverse society. Technology has enhanced communication in the society. Following the introduction of new methods of communication, communication within society has become more effective. The emergence of mobile phones is among the greatest improvements in communication that has been so effective. Various technological devices such as the computers, iPods and other industrial, as well as commercial devices that are designed to facilitate effective communication have been introduced. This has increased contact among the members of the society thus enhancing their relationships whether business, social, political, or development projects. With the numerous innovations in production sectors, the environmental has become more susceptible to pollution. The disposal of some technological waste such as the broken parts of electrical and mechanical gadgets such as mobile phones has negative impacts on the environment. Although technological innovations have resulted to the introduction of new methods of undertaking duties thus improving the methods used in the production making production more effective, they

Administrative Theories in Public Administration Essay Example for Free

Administrative Theories in Public Administration Essay I have never thought that administrative theories in Public Administration has been established back in 1800 with theorist who have discovered or developed and now has been part of the system of the Philippine government. The earliest contributors to our understanding of management theory included practicing managers as well as social scientist. More recent theorist has tended to be academic or management consultants. The early theorist can be divided into 2 main groups – the practicing managers such, as Taylors and Fayol and the social scientists, such as Mayo and Mc Gregor. Meet the Mr. Taylor, the theorist of Scientific Management. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), one of the early practical manager-theorist, born in Boston, Massachusetts, spent the greater part of his life working on the problems of achieving greater efficiency on the shop-floor where he manages. The solution he came up with was based directly on his own experience at work, initially as a shop floor worker and later as a manager. He pioneers scientific management which includes: The systematic study of the relationships between and tasks to redesign the work for higher efficiency. Taylor sought to reduce the time a worker spent on each task by optimizing the way the task was done. Scientific Management Theory Organizations were seeking ways to better satisfy customer needs Machinery was changing the way goods were produced Managers had to increase the efficiency of the worker-task mix According to him, there are 4 Principles to increase efficiency that are: a. Study the way the job is performed now and determine new ways to do it. Gather detailed, time and motion information; try different methods to see which is best b. Codify the method into rules – Teach to all workers c. Select workers whose skills match the rules set in step2 d. Establish a fair level of performance and pay for higher performance – Workers should benefit from higher output But, Taylor recognizes that the measures he was proposing would appear to be more than just a new method – they would be revolutionary. He stated that the outset that â€Å"scientific management† would require a complete mental revolution on the part of management and workers. Henry Fayol (1841-1924) – father of modern management theory He divided industrial into 6 groups: technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting managerial And formulated the 14 Principles of management which we are using it every day in our daily activities, allow me to enumerate them and somehow expand a little. Division of Labor – allows for job specialization, Authority and responsibility – Fayol noted firms can have too much specialization leading to poor quality and worker involvement. Unity of command – employees should have one boss. Line of authority – a clear chain from top to bottom of the firm. Centralization – the degree to which authority rests at the very top. Unity of direction – one plan of action to guide the organization. Equity – treat all employees fairly in justice and respect. Order – each employee is put where they have the most value. Initiative – encourages innovation. Discipline – obedient, applied, respectful employees needed. Remuneration of Personnel – The payment system contributes to the success. Stability of nature – long term employment is important. General interest over personal interest – the organization takes precedence over the individual. Esprit de corps – share enthusiasm or devotion to the organization. I have added here some of the theorist I researched which I consider to be worth sharing. Mary Parker – an influential leader in early managerial theory. a. Suggested workers help in analyzing their jobs for improvements b. The worker knows the best way to improve the job c. If workers have the knowledge of the task, then they should control the task. The Hawthorne Studies It appears that the workers enjoyed the attention they received as part of the study and were more productive. Contingency Theory – Assumes there is no one best way to manage The environment impact the organization and managers must be flexible to react to environmental changes The way the organization is designed, control systems selected, depend on the environment Conclusion As management theories evolved in centuries, the principles and ideas were never changed yet it has been a guiding value to those who are in public nor private service and to those who are employed and business people. It’s amazing how they have passed on to many generations of people who wanted to learn and use the theories. The theories have been explicit in explanations and user-friendly, though there are theorists who have presented different thoughts on the earlier theorist but if we examine deeply, it’s all the same, only presented in different design. Before I end, I would just like to emphasize the last part of the theories because it speaks about our relationship with the environment and how we will relate environmental, Technological environments change rapidly so must managers.

Abortion and the Media :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

On March 11, 1997, US Senate and House Committees met jointly to hear testimony on "Partial-Birth Abortion: The Truth." The following testimony was presented by Helen Alvare, director of Planning and Information of the NCCB, specifying the lack of accuracy, if not purposeful lies, of the media regarding this abortion technique: Another theme that featured prominently in our educational materials was the way that I proponents of partial-birth abortion were repeating false information -- and getting away with it in the press. A few examples will illustrate. I was interviewed last June by Eric Zorn, a columnist from the Chicago Tribune. Mr. Zorn's "thesis," as he explained it to me, was this: if any partial birth abortions were being performed for truly "elective" reasons, for reasons the public would consider nonserious, as the pro-life movement was claiming, the movement should produce the mothers involved. I explained at some length that it wasn't "the movement" claiming that the majority of these procedures were "elective", this fact was asserted by the partial-birth abortion providers themselves. I sent Zorn Dr. Haskell's statements as quoted in the American Medical News. I also sent the charts Dr. McMahon had provided to the Subcommittee on the Constitution in which he had detailed the rationales for abortions he had performed. These documents showed the elective nature of the majority of these procedures -- and in the words of the abortionists themselves. I asked Zorn to reconsider his own logic: aren't patient records confidentia l and in the possession of the abortion providers themselves, I asked? And if you were a woman who had your healthy child aborted would you be eager to go public? Nothing, however, could shake Mr. Zorn's tenacious grip on his thesis. He ended up writing- "That explanation won't do. If these once callous, cruel, selfish women who drive this national debate truly exist, let's hear from ." (June 6, 1996). In a follow-up column, he wrote: "Well, there are late-term abortions, there are "partial-birth" abortions and there are abortions performed for non-medical or elective reasons. We find very little overlap ... because later-term abortions are very rare and almost always performed for serious medical reasons. . .." (June 13, 1996). Since Mr. Zorn's column, regarding the reasons partial-birth abortions are performed, the Bergen Record quoted an abortionist whose clinic performs about 1500 of these per year stating-. "Most are for elective, not medical, reasons: people who didn't realize, or didn't care, how far along they were. Abortion and the Media :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics On March 11, 1997, US Senate and House Committees met jointly to hear testimony on "Partial-Birth Abortion: The Truth." The following testimony was presented by Helen Alvare, director of Planning and Information of the NCCB, specifying the lack of accuracy, if not purposeful lies, of the media regarding this abortion technique: Another theme that featured prominently in our educational materials was the way that I proponents of partial-birth abortion were repeating false information -- and getting away with it in the press. A few examples will illustrate. I was interviewed last June by Eric Zorn, a columnist from the Chicago Tribune. Mr. Zorn's "thesis," as he explained it to me, was this: if any partial birth abortions were being performed for truly "elective" reasons, for reasons the public would consider nonserious, as the pro-life movement was claiming, the movement should produce the mothers involved. I explained at some length that it wasn't "the movement" claiming that the majority of these procedures were "elective", this fact was asserted by the partial-birth abortion providers themselves. I sent Zorn Dr. Haskell's statements as quoted in the American Medical News. I also sent the charts Dr. McMahon had provided to the Subcommittee on the Constitution in which he had detailed the rationales for abortions he had performed. These documents showed the elective nature of the majority of these procedures -- and in the words of the abortionists themselves. I asked Zorn to reconsider his own logic: aren't patient records confidentia l and in the possession of the abortion providers themselves, I asked? And if you were a woman who had your healthy child aborted would you be eager to go public? Nothing, however, could shake Mr. Zorn's tenacious grip on his thesis. He ended up writing- "That explanation won't do. If these once callous, cruel, selfish women who drive this national debate truly exist, let's hear from ." (June 6, 1996). In a follow-up column, he wrote: "Well, there are late-term abortions, there are "partial-birth" abortions and there are abortions performed for non-medical or elective reasons. We find very little overlap ... because later-term abortions are very rare and almost always performed for serious medical reasons. . .." (June 13, 1996). Since Mr. Zorn's column, regarding the reasons partial-birth abortions are performed, the Bergen Record quoted an abortionist whose clinic performs about 1500 of these per year stating-. "Most are for elective, not medical, reasons: people who didn't realize, or didn't care, how far along they were.

College Essay: Loosing School Essay

â€Å"If you don’t want to take school seriously, then I guess I’ll look forward to seeing you working your shift at McDonald’s when I stop by for the fries†. This is what my mom told me when I was an eighth grader. My parents are very accomplished people; my mother is a registered nurse and my father is a lawyer. So her words cut deep and hit me where it hurt. Why was she telling me this? Because I deserved every bit of it. I was at a point in my life when I was very immature. I was a bad egg, a wannabe â€Å"cool kid†, and a class clown. I used to be a small kid, but I grew taller way before others in my own age group. So after a while, my self-esteem rose back to its normal height and I became used to being the biggest kid in my class. This followed me all through middle school. When I was an eighth grader, I took advantage of this and used the size of my body to inflict fear in other students. Not only did I utilize my height as a fear factor, but also I imposed dread with the people I hung around. I was what is described as a â€Å"tomboy†, and I was friends with guys that I would use as threats to get what I desired from others. I was a bully. My school was quite loose with the bullying policy, so every time I got in trouble, I would weasel myself out of the situation by getting my friends to bear false witness to my fabricated stories. By the middle of the school year, it seemed like I was more feared than adored by most of my fellow students. This should have sickened me, but instead it gave me a twisted sense of pride. The school district was ready to suspend me. Not only was I making my fellow classmates uncomfortable, but it was now affecting my academics. And ever since I first learned the meaning of the word â€Å"important†, my parents have hounded into my head that academics are crucial to my future; academics determine your future existence. What kind of reputation was I leaving for the Michaels family name? As soon as I would leave middle school and enter high school, my brother would be entering middle school. He didn’t deserve to cross the threshold of elementary to middle school with a bad reputation waiting for him. On the days I was in a better mood, I would let my poor friend choice control me and I would walk around with my â€Å"friends† and skip class. Even  when I did go to class, I would show up to class late. I lived fairly far from school, so I had to take the bus to school. Both of my parents worked early; by the time I had to wake up for school, they were on their way out and headed to work. This meant that if I chose not to go to school I could stay home. Even if I was late and missed the bus, I had no way to get to school. Now, not only did I have a chance of getting suspended or even expelled for bullying, but also because of my poor attendance. And because I was rarely in class, my grades were suffering, lowering my GPA and almost making it harder to graduate and move on into high school. And this was quite ironic, considering that I had always been known as a bright child before this charade began. With all the stress of strenuous work and a full schedule, my father now also had to worry about what was going on with me. And it was safe to say that I had always been what is known as a â€Å"daddy’s girl†, so this extremely discomforted him. He was constantly receiving phone calls from school teachers and counselors, constantly having to take days off of work to have parent/teacher meetings. All of this was driving my father insane, emotional-wise. He was at a breaking point. It was only after he told me that if I was going to waste his time and so much of his feelings going to school only to act insubordinate, then I should at least have the decency to tell him forthrightly. He went back to school as a middle-aged man to pursue his dream of being a lawyer because when he was younger he did not have the opportunity. My father is essentially a walking illustration of the American Dream, and I cannot believe that at that point in time I could not see that. It was these words that put me in a very doleful state of mind. After that talk from my father, I actually took the time to sit down and evaluate the things I was doing and how they were going to affect me and the family I love. It was the summer before my first year of high school that I broke down and did nothing but cried. Cried because of the position I put my parents in, the way I made them look, the way I made them feel. Cried because my parents abandoned the life they had in their native land to migrate to this beautiful country, to strive for the American dream. My dad left his family at the age of 22 and my mother at age 19 and they endured  the many turn-downs they got while trying to obtain a visa. They arrived in a place thousands of miles from home, where the language was foreign, the money was different and the people were prejudiced. He was often put down because of the color of his skin, but he was determined to start a life in the U.S. and determined to give his kids the life he never had. And here I was, throwing it all away because of my negligence and my immaturity. I could not live with myself knowing I was discounting my parents’ struggles, all of their hopes and dreams. From that point on, I made it my goal to never make my parents go through something like that ever again. To this day I can say that I have been true to my word. Everything about me has been a complete 180 degrees from the person I was in middle school. The people I call my friends, the way I think, and even the way I dress have changed. They now reflect the person I am today: all of my hopes and achievements.

Action plan

The Student Activity Council (SAC) of HAIFA has formulated the following rules to promote the cleanliness throughout the campus: 1 . Littering inside the campus premises should be avoided by all the students. 2. There will be trash bins for non-biodegradable, biodegradable, and recyclable materials. These trash bins will be color coded. Red trash bins are for non- biodegradable, black for biodegradable, and green for recyclables. 3. There will be stewards for the day.They have to perform the tasks assigned to them. 4. Each classroom will allocate an area where to put used papers so as not to rumple and throw them anywhere. 5. There will be bottle receptacles along the hallways and chapel. Empty bottles should be put there. 6. Waste segregation activity will also be done by assigned students. There will be students assigned every day for the said activity. The selected students will segregate the recyclable materials collected from the bin for recyclables. 7. Sanctions await the viola tors of the rules.Those who violate the rules will be cleaning some areas of the campus and will be segregating trashes for 30 minutes during their free time. 8. Incentives will be given to those who follow the rules. They will be given extra points in their MAPLE subjects. For the students to be motivated in maintaining the cleanliness of the campus, there will be a contest among all the sections from grade 7 to grade 10. These rules apply to the said contest: 1. Each section will be given 1000 points at the start of the month. Corresponding points for every violation committed by the section.Loneliness of the room orderliness of the room (arrangement of the chairs, the books, and other things inside the classroom) 30% cleanliness of the fade (includes the hallway, the entrance of the classroom) 25% consistency of the cleanliness 5% The section with the highest percentage will be awarded as the section with the Most Organized Classroom.The award will be given at the end of each mon th. 3. At the end of the month, incentives/awards/prizes await the section with the highest remaining points. 4. On the other hand, the section with the lowest number of points will be sanctioned. Every student that belongs to the section with the lowest number of remaining points will be tasked to clean the school facilities (classrooms, hallways, science laboratory, and the like). . Health and Sanitation Committee will be formed and will be tasked to observe for the progress of the school campaign. 6. Steward of the Month is the one who has a noticeable act of cleaning the surroundings and segregating the trashes. This role model for cleanliness will be selected by the committee at the end of every month. Also, the selected steward of the month will get special award.

Nursing Term Paper Writing Tips for Students

Nursing Term Paper Writing Tips for Students Writing a Nursing Term Paper Some students wonder if writing a term paper on nursing has anything to do with their actual profession. The thing is that writing is theory and nursing is all about practical capabilities and knowledge. No matter how much you dislike the idea of writing a term paper, you will need to face this challenge anyway; otherwise, there will be no graduation and no decent job. So, everyone needs to confront their fear of crafting a term paper in order to please the academic world and meet the requirements for graduation. Good news is that theres nothing horrible about working on a term paper if you know all the guidelines and tricks involved in it. Youll be surprised to know that some people, who were afraid of working on a term paper, eventually find it a rewarding and fun thing to do. The key to writing an excellent paper on nursing is the preparation that you perform before you even start working on the draft. If you do the preparation stage in a proper way, then writing a paper wont be that difficult. Focusing on the examples, lets go straight to the top 4 writing tips for working a nurse term paper: Select a topic you care about. The easiest recipe to write a mediocre or bad paper is to write about something you dont care about. Therefore, you should take your time to think thoroughly about the area that you want to research. The right approach to writing a term paper is to turn it from the task that someone wants you to do into the task that you want to do yourself and this is possible only when the topic resonates with you. In this case you will have all the chances to write a stellar work. How to pick the right topic? Think about why youve chosen this field in the first place, what bothers you the most, and what problem you sincerely want to solve. Perform an in-depth research. As I have already mentioned in the introduction, the in-depth research is necessary. Once you have chosen the topic youre passionate about, you should decide on how youre going to approach the research. Will you need to observe certain practices, do interview, or spend all time in the library? Whatever methodology will you choose, make sure that youre making enough notes because this will be the information that youre going to use in your paper. Have a robust thesis. The next important thing after deciding on the topic and making a thorough research is writing a strong thesis. It should also be concise and clear. Taking these points into consideration, make sure whether you can gather enough evidence to support the claim that youre making. You can prepare different versions of your thesis and select the best one. Have more than one draft. It would be better if you prepare several rough drafts. Eventually, it will increase the quality of your term paper. Term paper writing isnt a disaster anymore if you follow these four easy tips!

100 Beautiful and Ugly Words

100 Beautiful and Ugly Words 100 Beautiful and Ugly Words 100 Beautiful and Ugly Words By Mark Nichol One of the many fascinating features of our language is how often words with pleasant associations are also quite pleasing on the tongue and even to the eye, and how many words, by contrast, acoustically and visually corroborate their disagreeable nature look no further than the heading for this post. Enrich the poetry of your prose by applying words that provide precise connotation while also evoking emotional responses. (Note the proportion of beautiful words to ugly ones in the compilation below; it’s easier to conjure the former than the latter, though I omitted words associated with bodily functions, as well as onomatopoeic terms.) Notice how often attractive words present themselves to define other beautiful ones, and note also how many of them are interrelated, and what kind of sensations, impressions, and emotions they have in common. Also, try enunciating beautiful words as if they were ugly, or vice versa. Are their sounds suggestive of their quality, or does their meaning wholly determine their effect on us? Beautiful Words Amorphous: indefinite, shapeless Beguile: deceive Caprice: impulse Cascade: steep waterfall Cashmere: fine, delicate wool Chrysalis: protective covering Cinnamon: an aromatic spice; its soft brown color Coalesce: unite, or fuse Crepuscular: dim, or twilit Crystalline: clear, or sparkling Desultory: half-hearted, meandering Diaphanous: gauzy Dulcet: sweet Ebullient: enthusiastic Effervescent: bubbly Elision: omission Enchanted: charmed Encompass: surround Enrapture: delighted Ephemeral: fleeting Epiphany: revelation Epitome: embodiment of the ideal Ethereal: celestial, unworldly, immaterial Etiquette: proper conduct Evanescent: fleeting Evocative: suggestive Exuberant: abundant, unrestrained, outsize Felicity: happiness, pleasantness Filament: thread, strand Halcyon: care-free Idyllic: contentedly pleasing Incorporeal: without form Incandescent: glowing, radiant, brilliant, zealous Ineffable: indescribable, unspeakable Inexorable: relentless Insouciance: nonchalance Iridescent: luster Languid: slow, listless Lassitude: fatigue Lilt: cheerful or buoyant song or movement Lithe: flexible, graceful Lullaby: soothing song Luminescence: dim chemical or organic light Mellifluous: smooth, sweet Mist: cloudy moisture, or similar literal or virtual obstacle Murmur: soothing sound Myriad: great number Nebulous: indistinct Opulent: ostentatious Penumbra: shade, shroud, fringe Plethora: abundance Quiescent: peaceful Quintessential: most purely representative or typical Radiant: glowing Redolent: aromatic, evocative Resonant: echoing, evocative Resplendent: shining Rhapsodic: intensely emotional Sapphire: rich, deep bluish purple Scintilla: trace Serendipitous: chance Serene: peaceful Somnolent: drowsy, sleep inducing Sonorous: loud, impressive, imposing Spherical: ball-like, globular Sublime: exalted, transcendent Succulent: juicy, tasty, rich Suffuse: flushed, full Susurration: whispering Symphony: harmonious assemblage Talisman: charm, magical device Tessellated: checkered in pattern Tranquility: peacefulness Vestige: trace Zenith: highest point Ugly Words Cacophony: confused noise Cataclysm: flood, catastrophe, upheaval Chafe: irritate, abrade Coarse: common, crude, rough, harsh Cynical: distrustful, self-interested Decrepit: worn-out, run-down Disgust: aversion, distaste Grimace: expression of disgust or pain Grotesque: distorted, bizarre Harangue: rant Hirsute: hairy Hoarse: harsh, grating Leech: parasite, Maladroit: clumsy Mediocre: ordinary, of low quality Obstreperous: noisy, unruly Rancid: offensive, smelly Repugnant: distasteful Repulsive: disgusting Shriek: sharp, screeching sound Shrill: high-pitched sound Shun: avoid, ostracize Slaughter: butcher, carnage Unctuous: smug, ingratiating Visceral: crude, anatomically graphic What did I miss? Add to these lists in a comment below. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?Best Websites to Learn EnglishInspiring vs. Inspirational

Melation and Aging Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Melation and Aging - Research Paper Example The level increases up to optimum when we are youths and latter starts declining. Many theories such as that from Hajak et al. (2003) have been put forward to explain the relationship between aging process and melatonin but none has explicitly explained the connection. This paper will explore some of the major issues involved in the hypothesis that melatonin can prolong and bring back the youthful memories. But in my findings, melatonin is just but a drug which can boost the melatonin hormone level in our body but not able prolonging or supplementing age. Introduction Melatonin is a hormone secreted in the brain from the amino acid tryptophan within the pineal. It is a naturally occurring compound and found in animals, human beings, plants and microbes. It was discovered in 1958 by Aaron Lerner and his colleagues. It is also called hormone of darkness simply because it is produced in darkness, highest percentage produced during night hours at bed side. It aging on the other hand mean s or it refers to post-maturational process that leads to decrease in homeostasis and increased vulnerability of the organism more so diseases. There has been close study on the relationship between the melatonin and the aging whether it improves or not. Zhdanova et al. (2006) claim that melatonin percentage in the body decreases as we grow old and their claims are just based on mere observation that older people do sleep less compared to younger ones. Their study also has explored other functions of melatonin not only the hypothesis but also what they termed as â€Å"a supplement to the aging but as a medicine to boost sleeping in aged people and also as treatment in† (pp. 899–907). Melatonin and Aging People all over the world wish to remain youthful and the issue of aging brings many problems and any solution to it will be gladly welcomed. Dollins et al. (2006) agree that theories and speculations relating melatonin and aging have been put forward but none of them h ave fully or clearly given their relationship. This compound no doubt is very vital in human life and one of study in the university of Granada, Spain carried out by Stone (2005) has proved that melatonin assist in controlling weight gain, also improves the blood lipids profile by reduction in triglycerides which increases level of good cholesterol HDL and at the same time lowering negative cholesterol called LDL. The general levels of melatonin vary greatly throughout one’s life span. The first time melatonin is created is when a child is three months old and that is when most people start to sleep. There is a rapid increase in the level and it peaks between the age of three and four years of age, this level fall back to a plateau and it remains constant throughout adulthood. The level starts to decline as we age up. The graph below shows circadian profiles of serum melatonin concentrations in human at various ages. Areas marked with black indicate period of darkness. By the time we are approaching seventies, the melatonin level decreases in our body to about a quarter of the original normal level when compared with time when one is young. It is thought that the drop may be associated with calcification of the pineal gland as we age